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Neural reorganization underlies improvement in stroke-induced motor dysfunction by...
Full Title: Neural reorganization underlies improvement in stroke-induced motor dysfunction by music-supported therapy
Motor impairments are common after stroke, but efficacious therapies for these dysfunctions are scarce. By extending an earlier study on the effects of music-supported therapy, behavioral indices of motor function as well as electrophysiological measures were obtained before and after a series of therapy sessions to assess whether this new treatment leads to neural reorganization and motor recovery in patients after stroke. The study group comprised 32 stroke patients in a large rehabilitation hospital; they had moderately impaired motor function and no previous musical experience. Over a period of 3 weeks, these patients received 15 sessions of music-supported therapy using a manualized step-by-step approach. For comparison 30 additional patients received standard rehabilitation procedures. Fine as well as gross motor skills were trained by using either a MIDI-piano or electronic drum pads programmed to emit piano tones. Motor functions were assessed by an extensive test battery. In addition, we studied event-related desynchronization/synchronization and coherences from all 62 patients performing self-paced movements of the index finger (MIDI-piano) and of the whole arm (drum pads). Results showed that music-supported therapy yielded significant improvement in fine as well as gross motor skills with respect to speed, precision, and smoothness of movements. Neurophysiological data showed a more pronounced event-related desynchronization before movement onset and a more pronounced coherence in the music-supported therapy group in the post-training assessment, whereas almost no differences were observed in the control group. Thus we see that music-supported therapy leads to marked improvements of motor function after stroke and that these are accompanied by electrophysiological changes indicative of a better cortical connectivity and improved activation of the motor cortex.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1169:395-405. Altenmüller E, Marco-Pallares J, Münte TF, Schneider S. Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, University of Music and Drama Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
In our culture alcohol consumption has often been synonymous with being socially accepted. Somehow we have linked the ingestion of these liquids, which everyone knows contains toxic substances, to our desire to be socially connected. It has always been the baby boomers version of Facebook and Twitter. In fact, decades ago while serving as a young Army officer, it would have been considered an insult not to share a few “cold ones” with the men as a form of celebration. I’m not saying the Generation X and Y’ers are immune to becoming alcoholics. It seems to be a problem that transcends...
I want to start out by saying that it is okay for you to read this article. I know that you will get something out of it and that you are capable of reading it in its entirety. Of course, most people already know this. Clearly they don’t need my permission. However, there are others who seem to always doubt that they have the capability – and the right – to face life’s obstacles no matter how small and insignificant.
Having a recurring feeling of inadequacy or lack of confidence is not good for your health, happiness, or future self-actualization. In order to understand this, realize that...
When your mind and body are relaxing, they are repairing. The largest part of our nervous system, which runs without your conscious awareness, has two modes. When you are in a deep state of relaxation, you are experiencing what is known as a parasympathetic response. This means that your digestion system and other major life-sustaining organs are fully functioning and your immune system is working at its best. The opposite state is called a sympathetic response. Typically those systems and organs that were operating at their best in the parasympathetic mode are now taking a subordinate role...
